Regular English Present Participle Formation

1. If a verb ends in a silent 'e', drop the 'e' before adding "-ing." :: Example: make > making
2. For verbs ending in -ie, change the -ie to -y before adding "-ing." :: Example: die > dying
3. If a one-syllable verb ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pattern, double the final consonant before adding "-ing." :: Example: run > running
4. In British English, double the final 'l' in two-syllable verbs that end in 'l' (e.g., travel > travelling).
5. In American English, do not double the 'l' (e.g., travel > traveling).
6. Otherwise add "-ing" to the base form.

Regular English Past Participle and Past Tense Formation (they are the same)

1. If the verb ends in -e add -d
2. If the verb ends in -consonant-y change -y to -ied
3. If the verb ends in consonant-vowel-consonant add -sameconsonant-ed (not true for 2 syllable verbs where first syllable is stressed such as visit, visited but is true of prefer, preferred and occur, occurred).
4. Otherwise add -ed

How to Form the Third Person Singular Present of a Regular English Verb

1. If the verb ends in -s, –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, add -es instead of just -s :: Examples: He watches. She misses.
2. If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, change -y to -ies :: Examples: He carries. She worries.
3. If the verb ends in a vowel + -y, simply add -s :: Example: He plays.
4. Otherwise add -s to the base form :: Example: He runs.

Some 3rd Person Singular Irregular Verbs

be → is
have → has
do → does
go → goes

Modal Verbs do not take -s on the 3rd person singular
can, must, should, may, might, shall, will) do not take -s in the third person singular :: Example: He can swim.

How to Pluralise a Regular English Noun

1. Add –es to words ending in -s, –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z
2. For words ending in -consonanty, change the –y to –ies.
3. For words ending in -consonanto, add –es.
4  Ends in -f, -fe change to -ves
5. Add –s to all other singular nouns to make them plural.

Hebrew Verb Stem Translation

Quick literal “cheat-sheet” summary (most accurate one-line translations) from Grok.

Qal: he did the action 
Niphal: he was done / he did it to himself 
Piel: he did the action intensively / to many objects / he “piel-ed” 
Pual: he was intensively done 
Hiphil: he caused (someone) to do the action 
Hophal: he was caused to do the action Weingreen's grammar agrees!
Hithpael: he did it to himself / they did it to each other / he kept doing it 

"This is the traditional, stem-internal logic: the Hophal passivizes the causative event itself, not the underlying Qal action."

These are the most literal, non-paraphrased renderings you can give in English while staying faithful to the grammatical function of each binyan (verbal stem/aspect derived from the root).

Qal: he loves 
Niphal: he is loved 
Piel: he loves!
Pual: he is loved!
Hiphil: he causes to love 
Hophal: he is caused to love
Hithpael: he loves himself
Hothpaal: he makes himself loved
Polel: he loves!
Polal: he is loved!
Poel: he loves!
Poal: he is loved! 
Pilpel: he loves! 
Pulal: he is loved!
Palpal: I love
Pealal: he loves!
Pilel: he loves!
Hithpolel: he loves himself
Hithpalpel: he loves himself
Hishtaphel: he loves himself

Alternatively 

Qal = Palpal: he loves 
Niphal: he is loved 
Piel = Polel = Poel = Pilpel = Pealal = Pilel: he loves!
Pual = Polal = Poal = Pulal: he is loved!
Hiphil: he causes to love 
Hophal: he is caused to love
Hithpael = Hithpolel = Hithpalpel = Hishtaphel: he loves himself
Hothpaal: he makes himself loved

Polpal and Palel (but not paypal) are fake tenses invented by Groves Wheeler to cover doubled letters in rare stems. Polpal = Polel = Piel. Whereas Palel = Pilel = Piel 

Grok: The names are usually based on the traditional paradigm verb פָּעַל (Pa'al = "to do/act"), and the English terms reflect either their typical grammatical function or their historical/literal name.

Hebrew Stem	Typical Meaning/Function
Qal	Simple active voice (basic meaning of the verb)
Niphal	Passive or reflexive of Qal; sometimes middle or tolerative
Piel	Intensive, causative, or denominative active
Pual	Passive of Piel (intensive passive)
Hiphil	Actively Causative
Hophal	Passively Causative
Hithpael	Reflexive or reciprocal of Piel; often iterative or pretensive
Hothpaal	Rare passive/reflexive of Hiphil (or variant of Hithpael in late Hebrew)	Passive and reflexive is the consensus.
Polel	Intensive/repetitive form used for verbs with guttural or biliteral roots	i.e. like Piel - Weingreen confirms
Polal	Passive of Polel	i.e. like Pual  - Weingreen confirms
Poel	Alternative intensive/repetitive active form (similar to Polel)	is like Piel - Google AI Confirms
Poal	Passive of Poel	i.e. like Pual - Google AI confirms
Pilpel	Intensive/repetitive form for biliteral or “hollow” roots (very productive in Late Hebrew)	i.e like Piel - google AI confirms
Pulal	Passive of Pilpel (rare)	i.e. like Pual - google AI confirms
Palpal	Rare variant of Qal	Google AI confirms
Pealal	Another rare intensive variant	like Piel - Google AI confirms
Pilel	Rare intensive form	like Piel - Google AI confirms.
Hithpolel	Reflexive of Polel	i.e. like Hithael - Weingreen confirms
Hithpalpel	Reflexive of Pilpel	i.e. like Hithpael - Googel AI confirms
Hishtaphel	Very rare reflexive/causative form (mostly in Aramaic-influenced late Hebrew; “to bow down in worship”)	i.e. like Hithpael - Google AI confirms.
Taphel	Extremely rare; appears in a few late or Aramaic-influenced forms (sometimes considered a variant of Hithpael)	TOO RARE
Nithpael	Late Hebrew name for the Aramaic Ithpeel; passive/reflexive (mostly in Aramaic sections)	TOO RARE

Hebrew Pronoun Suffices in full: http://biblicalhebrewmadeeasy.weebly.com/blog/biblical-hebrew-made-easy-pronominal-suffixes

Present participle: one loving
Past Participle: one loved

Hebrew Duals: The masculine and feminine dual termination in Hebrew is ayim whereas the masculine plural termination is iym. But waters and heavens and noon which are grammatically dual appear to count/act as plurals. These are called frozen duals.

Rules to the Lords Witness Hebrew Interlinear Bible

1. Translate the first Hebrew word that is not followed by a Maqqef or the first Maqqef connected Hebrew word chain of the bible into English
2. Place a | after the English translation of the Maqqef free word or Maqqef connected word chain
3. Translate the 2nd Hebrew word that is not followed by a Maqqef or Maqqef connected word chain into English
4. Place a | after the English translation of the Maqqef free word or Maqqef connected word chain
5. Continue as above for the entire Old Testament prefixing each verse with Gen 1:1 to Mal 4:6 in 300 verse chunks
6. Translate Hebrew singulars as English singulars and Hebrew plurals as English plurals except for polite plurals which should be singular in English
7. Order of Lexicon choice is Gesenius > HALOT > Strongs > BDB. For ALL Hebrew verbs, nouns and adjectives.
8. Please keep the translations of every Hebrew word as literal as possible.
9. Please translate the Hebrew direct object marker as 'namely'
10. All Hebrew constructs (as determined by Groves Wheeler morphology) must be followed by 'of' in the English. 
11. Please render waw consecutive perfect as future in English (using Groves Wheeler morphology)
12. Please render waw consecutive imperfect as past in English (using Groves Wheeler morphology)
13. Include the gendered pronoun before verbs. So for example : | and said | God |, becomes: | and he said | God | 
14. Preserve the gender of all Hebrew pronouns in the English translation.

Grok's Comprehensive Hebrew Number Table

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